Most radiation side effects are localized to the treatment area, and they can appear gradually over the course of therapy. Common side effects include:

• Fatigue –
One of the most frequently reported effects, fatigue may worsen as treatment progresses. It often stems from the body’s healing response and the energy it uses to repair damaged tissues.

• Skin Changes –
The treated area may become red, dry, itchy, or sensitive—similar to a sunburn. In some cases, skin may darken or peel. These changes typically improve after treatment ends.

• Hair Loss in Treated Area –
Hair loss only occurs in the specific area being treated with radiation. For example, brain radiation may cause scalp hair loss, but not body hair.

• Sore Throat or Difficulty Swallowing –
Occurs when the head, neck, or chest area is being treated. This can affect appetite and nutrition, making support crucial during treatment.

• Mouth Sores & Dry Mouth –
Radiation to the head and neck can cause oral mucositis, leading to discomfort, difficulty eating, and an increased risk of infection.

• Nausea or Digestive Issues –
When the abdomen or pelvic region is treated, patients may experience nausea, diarrhea, or cramping due to gastrointestinal sensitivity.

• Bladder or Bowel Changes –
Radiation to the pelvic area may lead to increased urgency, frequency, or discomfort during urination or bowel movements.

• Lymphedema (Swelling) –
Swelling in limbs or tissues may occur if lymph nodes are included in the radiation field or affected by treatment.

• Long-Term Effects (in some cases) –
While most side effects resolve after treatment, some individuals may experience longer-term changes such as fibrosis (tissue stiffness), hormonal imbalances, or changes in organ function, depending on the treated area.