1. Mammography (Mammogram)

What is a mammogram?

Mammography is a screening test that uses low-dose X-ray imaging to examine breast tissue. It is a routine breast exam often used to detect breast cancer early, even at a stage when the tumor is not causing symptoms. A mammogram can detect lumps, microcalcifications, or other tissue abnormalities in the breast.

Inspection process

During the examination, the patient stands or sits in front of the X-ray machine and the breast is gently flattened between two plates to ensure a clear image. Usually two X-rays are taken of each breast. The entire examination only takes a few minutes, and the pressure will cause some discomfort, but the pressure helps to obtain better images.

Advantages

– Early detection of breast cancer: Early tumors or abnormal tissue can be found, which helps in early treatment.

– Standard screening tool: It is currently the most widely used tool for breast cancer screening in the world and is suitable for routine examinations of women over 40 years old.

Limitations

– Discomfort: You may experience discomfort or mild pain as your breasts need to be flattened during the photoshoot.

– Possibility of false positives or false negatives: non-cancerous lesions may be misdiagnosed as cancer, or certain tumors may not be detected, especially in denser breasts among tall women.

2. Breast Ultrasound

What is a breast ultrasound?

Breast ultrasound is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images. It is often used as an adjunct to a mammogram, especially when the breast tissue is dense or a unclear lump is found. Ultrasound can help distinguish whether a mass is fluid (cyst) or solid (tumor).

Inspection process

During the examination, the patient will be arranged to lie flat on the examination bed. The doctor will apply a layer of conductive gel on the breast and then use the probe to slide back and forth on the breast surface. The sound waves are reflected by the tissue to form an image, allowing doctors to instantly see structures and abnormalities within the breast.

Advantages

– No radiation: Ultrasound examination has no radiation exposure and is a safe choice for pregnant women and people with radiation sensitivity.

– Helps to distinguish cysts and tumors: it can effectively identify the nature of masses and assist in diagnosis.

Limitations

– Not a first-line screening tool: Breast ultrasound is often used to supplement mammography and is not suitable as a routine screening tool.

– Test results are limited by operating technique: Results depend on the skill and experience of the operating physician, and some abnormalities may be difficult to detect.

3. Breast MRI (Breast MRI)

What is breast magnetic resonance imaging?

Breast magnetic resonance imaging is an examination that uses magnetic fields and harmless electromagnetic waves without radiation. This test provides more detailed images of the breast, and is often used for screening and diagnosis in women with dense breasts or in high-risk groups. In addition, breast MRI is often used after a cancer diagnosis to assess the extent of the cancer or for further testing when mammogram results are unclear.

Inspection process

During the examination, the patient needs to lie prone on the MRI examination bed, with the breast placed in a specially designed coil. The patient needs to remain still and the examination usually takes 30-60 minutes, during which sounds will be made. To get clearer images, intravenous contrast media is sometimes needed.

Advantages

– Highly sensitive detection: MRI can detect smaller and complex lesions in breast tissue, making it especially useful for high-risk women or cases that require further investigation.

– No radiation: MRI has no radiation risk and is a safe choice for people who have frequent exams or who need detailed breast imaging.

Limitations

– Longer exam: The exam requires remaining still for an extended period of time, which may feel uncomfortable or claustrophobic.

– Risk of allergy to contrast media: Some patients may be allergic to the contrast media used in MRI and need to inform their doctor before the examination.

– High cost: Breast MRI typically costs more than other breast exams and may not be covered by insurance.

Comparison and suggestions of various inspections

– Mammogram: It is the most common breast cancer screening tool and is suitable for women over 40 years old as an annual check-up. For women with denser breasts, a secondary ultrasound may be needed.

– Breast Ultrasound: Used to further evaluate abnormalities found on a mammogram or to evaluate the nature of a breast lump, especially in women with dense breasts .

– Breast magnetic resonance imaging examination: suitable for high-risk women, unclear mammography results, high breast density, or cases that require further examination.

Conclusion

Breast exams play an important role in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Mammography, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI each have specific uses and advantages, and your doctor will recommend the most appropriate method based on your patient’s age, risk factors, and examination needs. Regular breast exams not only help detect cancer early but also provide better treatment options, thereby improving prognosis.

Maintaining regular breast screenings and talking with your doctor about the tests that are best for you are important steps in protecting your breast health.

Medical Disclaimer:

The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical diagnosis, treatment or advice . Always consult your physician or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your medical condition or medical problems. The content of this article is not intended to recommend any specific test, treatment, or medication and should not be considered such advice. If you develop symptoms or need medical assistance, please contact a medical professional promptly.