Who Are at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer? Key Risk Factors and Incidence
Colorectal cancer (also known as colon or rectal cancer) is one of the most common cancers in Hong Kong. According to the Department of Health, colorectal cancer has ranked first in incidence among all cancers in Hong Kong for several consecutive years, with over 5,000 new cases reported annually. Although many cases show no obvious symptoms in the early stages, early identification of high-risk factors, combined with regular screening and lifestyle adjustments, can significantly reduce risk.
Who belongs to the high-risk group for colorectal cancer?
Based on clinical and epidemiological studies, the following groups are considered at higher risk:
- Age over 50
The incidence of colorectal cancer increases with age. After 50, cellular aging and reduced intestinal repair capacity raise the likelihood of malignant changes. - Family history or genetic predisposition
If first-degree relatives (parents, siblings) have had colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps, the risk is 2 to 3 times higher than average. Certain rare genetic conditions (e.g., familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome) can also greatly increase risk. - Diet high in red or processed meats
Frequent consumption of sausages, bacon, ham, or red meats cooked at high temperatures (e.g., steak, lamb chops) exposes the intestines to more carcinogens. - Low intake of fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber
Dietary fiber promotes intestinal motility and waste elimination. Insufficient fiber intake can prolong fecal transit time, increasing the duration of contact between the intestinal wall and potential carcinogens. - Lack of exercise or overweight/obesity
Studies show that sedentary lifestyles and obesity are linked to higher colorectal cancer risk. Abdominal obesity, in particular, is associated with metabolic abnormalities and inflammatory responses. - Alcohol consumption and smoking
Ethanol metabolism produces acetaldehyde, a potential carcinogen. Smokers also show higher rates of colorectal polyps and malignant transformation. - History of intestinal diseases or polyps
A previous diagnosis of adenomatous polyps, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or other chronic intestinal inflammation may promote abnormal cell growth over time.
Trends of colorectal cancer in Hong Kong
According to the Hong Kong Cancer Registry:
- Colorectal cancer has consistently ranked among the top three most common cancers;
- In recent years, male patients slightly outnumber female patients;
- Average age at diagnosis is around 60;
- Early detection results in a 5-year survival rate exceeding 90%.
This highlights the importance of early screening and timely intervention for improving outcomes.
Daily habits to reduce risk
- Increase intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains
- Limit red and processed meats
- Maintain regular exercise (at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week)
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Undergo regular colonoscopy or fecal occult blood testing (especially for those over 50)
Frequently Asked Questions (Q&A)
Q1: Can young people get colorectal cancer?
While colorectal cancer is more common in middle-aged and older adults, recent trends show an increase in younger cases. Poor lifestyle habits or family history can warrant early screening even in one’s 30s or 40s.
Q2: Are probiotics helpful?
Some studies suggest probiotics help balance gut microbiota, reduce inflammation, and lower carcinogen production, but they should be combined with overall diet and lifestyle adjustments.
Q3: At what age should colonoscopy begin?
Colonoscopy is generally recommended every 10 years starting at age 50. Those with a family history or other high-risk factors should consult a healthcare professional about earlier screening.
Summary：Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that can be prevented and detected early. By understanding high-risk factors, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and undergoing regular screening, individuals can actively protect their intestinal health and reduce potential risk.
Medical Disclaimer:
The information provided in this article is for educational and reference purposes only and does not constitute medical advice or be used as a substitute for professional medical diagnosis, treatment, or advice. ALWAYS CONSULT ANY QUESTIONS YOU MAY HAVE ABOUT YOUR MEDICAL CONDITION OR MEDICAL PROBLEM THAT YOU HAVE ALWAYS CONSULT YOUR PHYSICIAN OR OTHER QUALIFIED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL. The content of this article is not intended to recommend any specific test, treatment, or medication and should not be construed as such. If you develop symptoms or require medical assistance, please contact a healthcare professional promptly.