身體檢測
預防勝於治療，有病徵更是身體警號
為什麼要做檢查?
身體檢查的目的是預防疾病，在問題發生前或仍在初期的階段時發現出來。 因此，我們不應等待至身體不舒服時才去做身體檢查，當發現身體不舒服時問題可能已經比較嚴重，更應盡快就醫。
對診斷的一般認知
三高：高血壓、高血脂及高血糖，可引起多種嚴重疾病，如中風、心臟病(如心臟冠狀動脈硬化、心絞痛及心肌梗塞)、視網膜病變、腎病(如腎硬化、腎病變及腎衰竭等)
糖尿：大概每10個人便有1名糖尿病患者，患者的血糖長期偏高及不穩，並會出現多種併發症，如血糖突然過高/過低、心臟病、中風、糖尿病腳、腎衰竭和失明等
痛風：多數出現在40歲或以上男性身上。尿酸指數過高(男性7.5mg/dL；女性6.5mg/dL)會令尿酸結晶積聚，導致關節發炎、心血管疾病、腎病、糖尿、勃起障礙及死亡
身體檢測服務項目
腎功能 Renal Function Profile
肝功能 Liver Function Profile
血脂分析 Lipid Profile
甲狀腺 Thyroid Function Profile
- 尿素 Urea
- 肌酸酐 Creatinine
- 鉀 Potassium
- 鈉 Sodium
- 氯化物 Chloride
- 重碳酸鹽 Bicarbonate
- 鹼性磷酸酶 Alkaline Phosphatase
- 丙種谷氨酸轉肽酶 Gamma G.T.
- 白蛋白球蛋白比例 A/G Ratio
- 谷丙轉氨酶 SGPT/ALT
- 谷草轉氨酶 SGOT/AST
- 總膽紅素 Bilirubin,Total
- 總膽固醇 Cholesterol, Total
- 高密度膽固醇 Cholesterol, HDL
- 低密度膽固醇 Cholesterol, LDL (Calc)
- 三酸甘油脂 Triglycerides
- 促甲狀腺激素 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- 游離甲狀腺素 Free,FT4 Thyroxine
- 游離亞甲狀腺素 Free,FT3 Triiodothyronine
中風檢查 (腦部，腦部血管及頸部血管)
癌指標篩查
血全圖 CBP
全身血管及腦部血管
- Stroke Screening (Brain + 腦血管磁振造影
- MRA Brain 頭頸部血管檢查
- (MRA Neck) 直到總頸動脈(Plain: Down to Carotid Bifurcation 直到主動脈弓P+C: Down to Arch of Aorta)
- 甲種胎兒蛋白AFP
- 癌胚抗原CEA
- 胃癌腫瘤標記CA72.4
- 胰臟腫瘤標記CA19-9
- 病毒抗體EBV
- 遊離PSA與全PSA比例組合PSR
- 鱗裝細胞癌抗原SCC
- 5分類 5 parts differential count
- 網狀紅血球計數 recticulocyte count
- 血片檢查 blood cell morphology
- 全身磁振造影 MRA Whole Body (肢體除外 Excluding Limbs) + 腦血管磁振造影 MRA Brain
糖尿篩查 Diabetics
痛風篩查 Gout
超聲波檢查 ULTRASOUND
電腦掃描 CT
- 空腹血糖 Glucose, Fasting
- 糖化血色素 HBAIC
- 尿酸 Uric Acid
- 上腹＋盆腔 Upper Abdomen +Pelvis
- 乳房＋盆腔 Breasts+Pelvis
- 冠狀動脈造影 Coronary Angiogram
磁力共振掃描 MRI
冠狀動脈造影及冠狀動脈鈣化
尿液常规 Urine Routine
- 中風篩查：Stroke Screening
- Coronary Angigoram Calcium Score
參考文章
健康检查与预防医学相关研究：
- Krogsbøll LT, Jørgensen KJ, Larsen CG, Gøtzsche PC. General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;345:e7191.
- Liss DT, Uchida T, Wilkes CL, Radakrishnan A, Linder JA. General Health Checks in Adult Primary Care: A Review. JAMA. 2021;325(22):2294–2306.
- Pathak R, Kang D, Lu Y, et al. Should we abandon annual physical examination? A meta-analysis of annual physical examination and all-cause mortality in adults based on observational studies. Preventive Medicine. 2022;161:107130.
定期健康筛查与慢性疾病预防相关研究：
- Oshio T, Tsutsumi A, Inoue A. Determining whether periodic health checkups have any preventive effect on deterioration in health among middle-aged adults: A hazards model analysis in Japan. Journal of Occupational Health. 2021;63(1):e12291.
- Takeuchi M, Shinozaki T, Kawakami K. Universal Health Checkups and Risk of Incident Diabetes and Hypertension. JAMA Network Open. 2024;7(12):e2451813.
- Pathak R, Kang D, Lu Y, et al. Should we abandon annual physical examination? A meta-analysis of annual physical examination and all-cause mortality in adults based on observational studies. Preventive Medicine. 2022;161:107130.
癌症筛查与早期发现相关研究：
- Liu MC, Oxnard GR, Klein EA, et al. Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA. Annals of Oncology. 2020;31(6):745–759.
- Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. Science. 2018;359(6378):926–930.
- Hood L, Tian Q. Systems approaches to biology and health enable personalized medicine. Nature. 2020;577:451–460.
心血管疾病风险评估与健康筛查相关研究：
- Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359:2195–2207.
- Jørgensen T, Capewell S, Prescott E, et al. Population screening for cardiovascular disease. The Lancet. 2016;387:159–168.
- Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019. The Lancet. 2020;396:1204–1222.
综合健康评估与个性化预防医学相关研究：
- Ashley EA. The precision medicine initiative: a new era in medicine. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2016;17:507–522.
- Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine. 2019;25:44–56.
- Hamburg MA, Collins FS. The path to personalized medicine. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;363:301–304.