身体检测
预防胜于治疗，有病征更是身体警号
为什么要做检查?
身体检查的目的是预防疾病，在问题发生前或仍在初期的阶段时发现出来。 因此，我们不应等待至身体不舒服时才去做身体检查，当发现身体不舒服时问题可能已经比较严重，更应尽快就医。
对诊断的一般认知
三高：高血压、高血脂及高血糖，可引起多种严重疾病，如中风、心脏病(如心脏冠状动脉硬化、心绞痛及心肌梗塞)、视网膜病变、肾病(如肾硬化、肾病变及肾衰竭等)
糖尿：大概每10个人便有1名糖尿病患者，患者的血糖长期偏高及不稳，并会出现多种并发症，如血糖突然过高/过低、心脏病、中风、糖尿病脚、肾衰竭和失明等
痛风：多数出现在40岁或以上男性身上。尿酸指数过高(男性7.5mg/dL；女性6.5mg/dL)会令尿酸结晶积聚，导致关节发炎、心血管疾病、肾病、糖尿、勃起障碍及死亡
身体检测服务项目
肾功能 Renal Function Profile
肝功能 Liver Function Profile
血脂分析 Lipid Profile
甲狀腺 Thyroid Function Profile
- 尿素 Urea
- 肌酸酐 Creatinine
- 钾 Potassium
- 钠 Sodium
- 氯化物 Chloride
- 重碳酸盐 Bicarbonate
- 硷性磷酸酶 Alkaline Phosphatase
- 丙种谷氨酸转肽酶 Gamma G.T.
- 白蛋白球蛋白比例 A/G Ratio
- 谷丙转氨酶 SGPT/ALT
- 谷草转氨酶 SGOT/AST
- 总胆红素 Bilirubin,Total
- 总胆固醇 Cholesterol, Total
- 高密度胆固醇 Cholesterol, HDL
- 低密度胆固醇 Cholesterol, LDL (Calc)
- 三酸甘油脂 Triglycerides
- 促甲状腺激素 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- 游离甲状腺素 Free,FT4 Thyroxine
- 游离亚甲状腺素 Free,FT3 Triiodothyronine
中风检查 (脑部，脑部血管及颈部血管)
癌指标筛查
血全图 CBP
全身血管及脑部血管
- Stroke Screening (Brain + 脑血管磁振造影
- MRA Brain 头颈部血管检查
- (MRA Neck) 直到总颈动脉(Plain: Down to Carotid Bifurcation 直到主动脉弓P+C: Down to Arch of Aorta)
- 甲种胎儿蛋白AFP
- 癌胚抗原CEA
- 胃癌肿瘤标记CA72.4
- 胰脏肿瘤标记CA19-9
- 病毒抗体EBV
- 游离PSA与全PSA比例组合PSR
- 鳞装细胞癌抗原SCC
- 5分类 5 parts differential count
- 网状红血球计数 recticulocyte count
- 血片检查 blood cell morphology
- 全身磁振造影 MRA Whole Body (肢体除外 Excluding Limbs) + 脑血管磁振造影 MRA Brain
糖尿筛查 Diabetics
痛风筛查 Gout
超声波检查 ULTRASOUND
电脑扫描 CT
- 空腹血糖 Glucose, Fasting
糖化血色素 HBAIC
- 尿酸 Uric Acid
- 上腹＋盆腔 Upper Abdomen +Pelvis
- 乳房＋盆腔 Breasts+Pelvis
- 冠状动脉造影 Coronary Angiogram
磁力共振扫描MRI
冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉钙化
尿液常规 Urine Routine
- 中风筛查：Stroke Screening
- Coronary Angigoram Calcium Score
参考文献
健康检查与预防医学相关研究：
- Krogsbøll LT, Jørgensen KJ, Larsen CG, Gøtzsche PC. General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;345:e7191.
- Liss DT, Uchida T, Wilkes CL, Radakrishnan A, Linder JA. General Health Checks in Adult Primary Care: A Review. JAMA. 2021;325(22):2294–2306.
- Pathak R, Kang D, Lu Y, et al. Should we abandon annual physical examination? A meta-analysis of annual physical examination and all-cause mortality in adults based on observational studies. Preventive Medicine. 2022;161:107130.
定期健康筛查与慢性疾病预防相关研究：
- Oshio T, Tsutsumi A, Inoue A. Determining whether periodic health checkups have any preventive effect on deterioration in health among middle-aged adults: A hazards model analysis in Japan. Journal of Occupational Health. 2021;63(1):e12291.
- Takeuchi M, Shinozaki T, Kawakami K. Universal Health Checkups and Risk of Incident Diabetes and Hypertension. JAMA Network Open. 2024;7(12):e2451813.
- Pathak R, Kang D, Lu Y, et al. Should we abandon annual physical examination? A meta-analysis of annual physical examination and all-cause mortality in adults based on observational studies. Preventive Medicine. 2022;161:107130.
癌症筛查与早期发现相关研究：
- Liu MC, Oxnard GR, Klein EA, et al. Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA. Annals of Oncology. 2020;31(6):745–759.
- Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. Science. 2018;359(6378):926–930.
- Hood L, Tian Q. Systems approaches to biology and health enable personalized medicine. Nature. 2020;577:451–460.
心血管疾病风险评估与健康筛查相关研究：
- Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359:2195–2207.
- Jørgensen T, Capewell S, Prescott E, et al. Population screening for cardiovascular disease. The Lancet. 2016;387:159–168.
- Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019. The Lancet. 2020;396:1204–1222.
综合健康评估与个性化预防医学相关研究：
- Ashley EA. The precision medicine initiative: a new era in medicine. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2016;17:507–522.
- Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine. 2019;25:44–56.
- Hamburg MA, Collins FS. The path to personalized medicine. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;363:301–304.